Landscapes of the Greater Mekong

WWF has pioneered the concept of ecoregions (ecologically distinctive areas that broadly represent the diversity of the earth’s natural patterns) and we continue to use the region’s most globally distinctive ecoregions to organize our work.

Additionally, protected areas, often seen as the cornerstone of effective conservation continue to be a focus of many of our support programs and other interventions.

The misty mountain ranges of Kayah Karen Tenasserim ecoregion.

Mekong Area of Sambor, where one of the 11 mainstream dam projects is proposed, is located between Cambodia's Kratie and Steung Treng towns covering the globally important biodiversity hotspot known as Central Section. This area is home to many endangered wildlife including the Irrawaddy dolphin and water birds like White-shouldered Ibis, River Tern and Greater and Lesser Adjutants.

Mekong Area of Sambor, where one of the 11 mainstream dam projects ...

Forests of the Greater Annamites. By sustainably managing this important carbon sink, many endangered species will also be conserved.

Forests of the Greater Annamites. By sustainably managing this ...

A fish farmer at one of the Hung Vuong pangasius fish farms in the Mekong Delta, searches the pond for fish.

A fish farmer at one of the Hung Vuong pangasius fish farms in the ...

However, when habitats are fragmented by humans and turned into plantations, this can accelerate biodiversity loss. Hence, land use managers and conservation strategists are increasingly emphasizing the need to manage at the scale of landscapes.

Anatomy of a Conservation Landscape

Landscapes are typically defined at a scale smaller than that of ecoregions but larger than individual protected areas. They can be seen as having 3 distinct elements (see map below):

core conservation areas (where the conservation of natural capital is paramount)
buffer zones and corridors (where there is often a mix of conservation and production objectives)
a remaining matrix (containing the bulk of a landscape’s human settlement, agricultural and industrial production, and heavy infrastructure).

WWF-Greater Mekong's priority landscapes

How does WWF approach landscape conservation in the Greater Mekong region?

© WWF

Diverse habitats

WWF-Greater Mekong's priority landscapes include some of the world’s most diverse habitats including deciduous dipterocarp forests, moist evergreen forests, karst limestone forests, open grasslands and savannas, upland plateaus, wetlands, and pristine riparian environments.

These globally unique landscapes are home to no fewer than 20,000 species of plants, 1,200 species of birds, 800 species of reptiles and amphibians, and 430 mammal species, including Asian elephants and tigers. Moreover, new species continue to be described.

In addition to ensuring that the region’s biodiversity is conserved, conservation that maintains or improves the ecological integrity of landscapes can contribute to:

increased resilience and ability to adapt to climate change
maintenance of ecological services such as carbon sequestration
provision and regulation of water supplies.

By working at the landscape level, this allows us to work with a broader range of stakeholders, which helps to better coordinate activities that affect the landscapes and the natural systems they support.